Do Professional Athletes Wear Cups

What it's really like to work at a music store


added a somewhat unusual review I want you but not yet denied. At this point, may I ask a video series by Ellis Avery, an employee recommended in a music shop.

shocking one hand, on the other hand, bizarre and yet somehow funny posting the following men, under the title What it's really like to work at a music store
30-second clips on YouTube. What is worse I have personally experienced only in the guitar department at the Musikmesse in Frankfurt allowed. Hardly imagine having to experience this every day. But fortunately we have the luxury of a volume control on our computers. Have fun with this shocking but with some comedic VLog. Ultra entertaining.

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The rocket propulsion: new technological horizons, well-known difficulties

Since the 40s of the 20th Century, humanity is using the missile technology to the nearly unlimited movement in three dimensions. As a powerful weapon they ensured the German army for months a military superiority in Service of scientific research, it revolutionized the exploration of space. By the detonation of some scientific and technological barriers, the world war of missiles in a new age was promoted.


operating principle of a rocket

is ideally as a possible drag-free flight body moved a missile to the physical recoil law through the room. The basic principle can be offset by the momentum of two of the other repulsive body to explain: When a mass thrown off in one direction, providing a pulse, while the repulsive O BJECTS get a Against impulse in the other direction causes. For example, a moving vessel gives the momentum by returning the water pushes the water or put a counter-impulse. The law can be illustrated in a fluid picture:


The physical laws are in a simple fluid picture (two pots with water and a hose) shows representative. The widths of the vessels represent the masses, the filling levels above and below the black "zero line" set the Abstossgeschwindigkeiten the moving bodies dar. The greater the impulse (product of velocity times Mass) in a direction that works, the greater the pulse counter in the other direction (in the picture is colored blue).



The rocket engine is the only technology to get around in empty space. The pulse can be done by mass shift on both sides, according to the principle of a water rocket; The body pushes a portion of its mass. Pulse can also be generated by a pressure (1 Pa = 1 kg / m ^ 2), which drives away the object, without affecting the rejection of a mass is relevant. The latter method is much more efficient and is usually applied. As rocket engines do not work with air displacement, we construct rockets as aerodynamic, with a low drag coefficient (drag coefficient).


historical development

Necessity is the mother of invention: While in Germany as early as the mid-30 he was years ago a development program funded for space have been in this field only achieved tangible progress, as the problems had already arrived. The come under fire Germany needed a powerful weapon with which they could counter the number of moderately superior enemies without needlessly sacrificing their own nationals. Thus, a whole series of unmanned missile was developed.


The cruise missile Fieseler Fi 103:

He was colloquially as "retaliation weapon (V1)" well-known predecessor of the modern rocket. This unmanned flying object is not necessarily a rocket in the strict sense, since this device was able to fly by or under the influence of air resistance, so they needed to start a ramp to produce under their wings the appropriate air traffic. Technically, however, was steering the V1 is an important milestone in the development of today's rocket: The primitive autopilot was already able to meet the objective approximately.

works essentially the autopilot with a gyroscope (gyro compass, which is independent of the geomagnetic field at the axis of rotation of the earth-oriented by the law of conservation of angular momentum (kg * m ^ 2 * s ^ -1)). Moreover, an anemometer Zählpropeller (the distance flown determined by the air flow) on the front attached to the tip of the missile.

provides the thrust behind the top-mounted Verpuffungsstrahltriebwerk a useful purpose for such low-cost version of the "normal" aircraft engine. The hull of the cruise missile, there are two 150-bar compressed air-filled balls (in the picture to see behind the wing) which controls the combustion process in engine consent obtained: In front blinds closed, the fuel-air mixture is ignited by a spark plug and directed by the expanding gas to back through the exhaust nozzle. After this procedure reduces the excess pressure in the engine and speed reasons, it increases the front, which opens the blinds and the inside again provides an automated air traffic. Objects that are fired from a carrier aircraft can therefore dispense with the pressure vessel.


The Fieseler Fi 103 was developed in 1942 by German weapons technicians and aviation. Propaganda Minister Dr. Goebbels issued this flying bomb the populist Name "Vengeance Weapon", as they came in response to the bombing of Hamburg harbor against British troops in use. was introduced in 1943, the A4 rocket as a second retaliatory weapon, they decided on the abbreviations V1 and V2.


The approximately 2,200-pound Fi 103 reached a speed of 574 km / h, 3 km altitude and a range of 370 km. The autopilot provides an accuracy of 12 km. The aircraft was equipped with 847 kg Amatol (very effective mixture of TNT and fertilizers).

Modular Series:

The real breakthrough in missile technology was developed shortly after the development of the "V1" in the northern German Peenemünde. After the aggregate models 1,2 and 3, which did not meet the desired requirements of the A4 as the whiz kid "Vengeance Weapon 2" was introduced. This is one of the most technologically advanced missiles, which have been built so far.


drive

for the rocket engine has an explosive mixture of 75% ethyl alcohol and 25% oxygen are joined together before it ignited in the combustion chamber and the exhaust nozzle is ejected. This requires a pump, which promotes a second 150 l of liquid. This pump is driven at a high-pressure turbine by the decomposition of calcium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) must be transported by cooling with compressed nitrogen. (This process is known from the U-boat technology: 2 H2O2 -> 2 H2O + O2 + heat). This mixture is burned, finally, in the nozzle creates a temperature of 2,700 ° C, so the combustion chamber walls must be cooled with alcohol channels. Effect obtained there as an over pressure of 18 bar, which causes a thrust of 270N, 300N, even in space, an even more topical today Value. be

navigation

On failure of the former radio and computer science technology had initially committed remote control trials as "unfeasible" explains. Therefore, this missile is equipped with an autopilot (attitude control) from working with top management and Schaltuhrtechnik. The centrifugal control consists of rotating disks and uses the principle of conservation of angular momentum, which states that each rotating body strives to maintain the rotation. Thus, the unmanned device are sent specifically to his journey. The switch is intended that these centrifugal control 3-4 seconds after the vertical Launch of the rocket in the direction so far, tends to the unit takes up the desired trajectory.


control and trajectory correction

When trying a pencil on its tip on a finger balancing aside, one could imagine that occur kinematic problems in a rocket launch. Even if a missile is designed as symmetrically as possible, its trajectory is deflected by external influences quickly, which must be corrected by constantly.

Once the aircraft by its speed a sufficient flow of air strips, the rudder can be moved to the tail wings by servo motors. In the initial phase, when the flying object has no sufficient speed, the 4 gas thruster (shown colored red) take on the flight path corrections.

material claims

The 14 m high, 12.5-ton floor-to-ground missile in the initial phase accelerated to over 1,150 m / sec, or around 3,700 km / h, until it is over 100,000 m in the universe is. There she bows her bow back toward Earth and the aim of the enemy country in the fall flight, in which they have a speed of Mach 5 (about 5,000 km / h). The material must be on the one hand because of flown height differences a pressure and temperature difference of 100,000 Pa, and 300 ° C, and because of the entry speed in the troposphere, can at the result from the air friction on the sheath temperature of 600 ° C, can take it. Even if the covering is made of solid steel, the liquid tank bewandet twice and the whole building is equipped with a cooling system that allowed explosives that may explode in less than 200 ° C can not be carried. So the A4/V2 has Amatol 1,000 kg, which in this severe impact leaves behind indelible marks. not

completed projects

While the mass production of the successful A4 from 250 to 500 units per month would have to be increased, were in the German space station in Peenemünde already other projects planned and tested. After the dropped projects were A5-A7 to A8. A9 and the A10 to be effective. However, these space bodies were not realized because of the war for the Germans becoming uncomfortable situation, that they were no longer beyond the planning and testing phases.

The A8 would be a booster rocket for a satellite has become the long-range radio link would have allowed for flying objects. There would be the A4 (V2) has been restricted to the radio-controlled precision autopilot replaced. Next we dreamed of a global network of satellite system, yielding (A10 would be through the carrier rocket was launched into space), the intercontinental missile A9 would have directed to your destination. The A9/10 would then have the nickname 'America Rocket' to get, as this would have been able to meet the military port of New York. The A8 had the satellite (geostationary-orbit) must carry at 36,000 km altitude, so-called "Low-earth-orbit" systems with horizontally moving bodies were not planned.

Future Entwicklug

Whether GPS, telephone and TV transmission via satellite or the observation of space with telescopes and space probes-Man is now practiced, the space technology for economic, to use military and scientific purposes. What has been proven painfully good 70 years ago seems now to be playful manageable.

If, however, regard the other day as the British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking published thesis that man to life calls from outside of the earth seems obvious how much the technology is still in its infancy. According to the statement of the physics Prfessors man must in the next 200 years, be prepared to remove the long term from the earth and colonize other planets, if he wants to survive long term. The tight schedule of 200 years, it is based on the end sympathetic to natural resources and growing environmental problems. could have never received a species in the long run if they are not spreading: The basic idea of this assertion seems logical. Is also the man no new habitats, he also will remain one day only in fossil From.

This aspect has the human race barely moved from the base of space development. The new horizons that space has been delivered to us, has so far only made known to us that we have to deal still with initial problems.

Sources:

-quarterly magazine for free historical research, issue 4 / 1999, Castle Hill Publishers, report on innovation from Werner von Braun

- luftarchiv.de; about aviation and weapons technology

- published information of the Imperial War Museum, London

Pictures:

Stephan Riediker, London, 2010

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curious Research: Brain to Midi

who have not had enough of reac-table, dexter jazz mutant lemur and times should be familiar with this topic. Not too long ago I came across an entry in a Glossary I would like to share with you a source of inspiration and it has brought me much to smile but also to think. Before I take this position and ask for your opinions, please post in question:
Brain-to-MIDI The control of electronic musical instruments by alpha waves of the human brain (cerebral action currents, which can be recorded with the EEG) and heart rate (heart action currents that are recorded with the ECG), an attempt since the sixties. Currently there are serious efforts under way to use the frequencies obtained by digitization of such bodies MIDI information to control sound generators, which are collectively referred to as narcotics. The conscious individual influence of said body prepares frequencies still needs problems. from: Encyclopedia of Sound Technology, © 1995 Wolfgang Schiffner, Bärenreiter Verlag, 2nd Edition 2003, p. 12, ISBN 3-7618-1228-0
It would be interested to know how far it still in the research today deutsprachigem space Is feasible if technical developments in this direction and could Nieschenprodukte incurred thereby. Would it therefore not possible to teach as well as physically handicapped people to play the piano? brain waves that simple thoughts such as left / right and black / white already can be interpreted reliably confirm the latest developments in the field already. It is possible, for example - to control cursor by thought-currents of computers - with a little technical effort. Certainly on a limited level, but quite practical.

As an employee at State Institute for Music Research in Berlin, but I'm
more interested in the musical benefits of this technology. Interfaces and protocols such as OSC (Open Sound Control) and software solutions such as puredata or Max / MSP could generate currents in the EEG-modifiable Control Voltages (CV) or MIDI signals. So it would be possible, for example, control the modulation depth of a LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) by currents of thought, which is also a binary situation. main problem remains: how do you get an EEG? If anyone has one in the basement, should he say me know.
Otherwise I am open to all creative ideas. Is it possible to build an EEG as yourself? So with electrodes that send the brain signals via USB to the computer? Ought to be doable, right? intended for you. An American, a little bizarre contemporary times, the whole reacted with a toy. I think this video illustrates very well what I have just written, and why it will probably take a while until we obtained with this method really useful results.



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moon trip: based on scientific studies of our atmosphere

The scientifically documented implementation of Mondfarht should form a basis of science are explained more precisely and viewed from different perspectives. What basic skills for this are provided and what it delivers?

Gross was once the euphoria when the NASA in 1969 was the first trip to the moon. This previously almost unattainable project was the result of a successful combination of German rocket technology and computer science-Anglo-Saxon and navigation technologies. For the time being was the social benefit of the moon trip is that the ailing Western confidence after the devastating civil war 1939 - 1945 recovered. As a symbol of decades actually necessary cohesion of Western nations are serious Marxist threat was good for this historic achievement.

For me this project is now much more in science than political Interests, as can be observed outside the Earth, in a world with so much other basic conditions of operations that are performed on the earth for granted and therefore difficult to study leave. Many aspects can naturwissenschaftliceh in practice almost exclusively through a real implementation of a project space occupied and demonstrated.

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radiation outside the Earth's atmosphere

Besides the atmosphere, the earth of a magnetosphere surrounding the so-called Van Allen belts. This is a layer in the Earth's magnetic field deflects the charged particles of solar wind. only in the polar regions, a portion of the solar wind to get below the exosphere where it is visible as the aurora under ideal conditions. An unprotected man would be killed in the Van Allen belts are actually doing when he was staying there long enough, because there the concentration diverse, widely scattered radiation in space is particularly high. Highly sensitive electronic equipment and on board fishing dividend organisms must therefore be protected by a sufficiently thick steel and lead wall. The faster a spacecraft passes through the electromagnetic layer, the lower the risk of damage to its cargo. A manned rocket shoots through the magnetosphere within about an hour.

is outside this belt, eg on the moon, a body mainly exposed to direct sunlight to the aggressive short-wave radiation. Since prevail on the moon several extreme conditions (light exposure, temperature, Vacuum ,...), must be already designed a protective suit follows resistant that he thus an essential part of the X-ray and gamma radiation shielding. For example, it is on the moon on the day by the lack of atmosphere is much brighter than on Earth, so a helmet plate is coated with an obscuring layer, which simultaneously also provides some protection against other radiation.

Verschienenen studies have shown that astronauts go the increased risk of late effects, among other things because of this radiation dose. However, these are also many other groups of people affected, such as a flight crew of long-range aircraft, the least number of hours per day about three-quarters of the air mass can be considered among themselves, just as X-rays are not just a harmless affair. According to interest group, these problems like under-or overstated, since referring investigations are difficult because almost everyone is enriched with various activities of a certain dose of this kind.

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extreme lighting conditions on the moon

As indicated in the last section appears on the moon, the sun is much brighter than on Earth, this is due to the lack of atmosphere. Not Only the space suits have to have tinted windows, but all the photos that were made there had to be darkened with a camera made in order to detect anything. Sun Moon images have generally a different visual appearance than it actually looks like on the moon, because you faint objects did not recognize, like the stars. Color images could, depending on the darkened light wave spectrum distorting color and have very bright spots shine so strongly that when a camera reticle sometimes the crosshair is photographed. The scattering of light is there, so from the ground, which is also a change in direction for the shading Consequences.

Nice to know: night lights "full Earth" on the moon 20 times as strong as the full moon on Earth, due to the size ratios, absence of the lunar atmosphere and the light scattering of the Earth's atmosphere.

We can imagine the way that the world would look like for us if the planet were not surrounded by a shell of gas, or what the world is clear for us when a change in its thickness, which for example, a any Mars mission could be of interest or changes in our Erdatmospähre.

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motion of a body in a vacuum

The presence of the air we are accustomed to, that certain movements to play a certain scheme. So it can happen very many strange that on the dusty lunar soil at the Apollo 11 landing and the start was not great swirl of dust, which can could expect at least the 14.5-ton object. This can be understood, however, by a simple calculation: The force of gravity on the moon is about one sixth of the earth, weighing 14.5 t there, so just by 2.4 t. Thus, a force of 23,500 N needed to lift the capsule, propelled by a nozzle with an area of 1.47 m ^ 2 It follows that the pressure of the gases emerging from the nozzle corresponds to approximately 1,600 kg per m ^ 2, which represents about 16% of the air pressure at sea level (1 bar = 100,000 N / m ^ 2). It should also want to expand in the vacuum, the gases emerging from the nozzle faster than all the pages on the earth the case.

Just steps from the landing site from the lunar surface therefore showed no changes due to the jet exhaust of the lunar lander. This means that even the footprints of the astronauts remained so well preserved as full. This is a consequence of the fact that the dust grains when they are thrown away, moving in an ideal parabolic career back to the ground and not float around so long and spread widely. Exactly, you can watch the moon vehicle that drives through the desert moon dust: The heavier debris and fine dust falls on the wheels in unison in the same Car down, which under the influence of a gas layer would not be possible.

Moving in such a pressure suit is extremely cumbersome and works through the pressure differences between outside and inside the suit as an inflated envelope. If you consider that we are exposed to sea level at a pressure of about 10,000 kg per m ^ 2, the body compensates by nature "from within", one can imagine, would dominate any excess pressure in the human body when it without cover in space is irrelevant. That was also when setting up the U.S. flag to see how cumbersome it rammed the pole into the ground. Since, according to American Tradition, a flag should always look like they would blow in the wind, they attached it with a horizontal bar. So you can see by the continuous auspendelnden flapping of the flag had to be met with such difficulty the mast into the ground.

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investigation of the battered moon material

The test material was brought total about 380 kg of lunar rock to Earth. On the one hand were various minerals such as Tranquilityit and Armalcolit be noted, that material is also to be found on the earth. It was also the lack of atmosphere in only high amounts of searchable 3He and other previously unknown part of the neptunium isotopes such as 237Np determined. The rock also contains an unusually high proportion of uranium 235 U and short-lived radioactive isotopes, caused by the continuous exposure in space. Thus, the lunar rock samples differ chemically from the material which can be assumed on the ground. In addition, the moon rocks with impacts of small meteorites in the size of a few cubic millimeters littered on-an effect that is on earth in the last 4 mia. Years, thanks to the atmosphere would not have taken place since the body would burn up that size. The moon dust is therefore unchanged from meteorite dust, which it is everywhere and evaporated upon entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
Also missing from the lunar rocks, the bedrock on the usual water shell, as the water evaporates completely in a vacuum. From the samples of the Apollo missions, ETH Zurich, the age of the moon to about 4.5 mia. Years to determine.

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control of the device by rocketry

quite as simple as a rocket launch look like the whole game is not. You have to remember that not only on earth, the wind, but inside the cabin by the moving man's career could change very quickly if the drive could not balance. As the early 40's in Germany The first missile tests were conducted, the rocket scientists had to deal mainly with this problem. On behalf of the German Wehrmacht during the war, rapid progress has been made to the missile technology for long distance and has been perfected even for space rockets. At that time, the whole trajectory of the missile was calculated before the launch, and set before the flight. Since the flight direction are corrected by constantly needs the missiles hit their target only inaccurate, which also shows that control-related requirements for space are required.

way: The extended version of the unit 4 (A4 or V-2 rocket) in 1945 was the first space capable missile, the precision because of the time insufficient computers, navigation and telecommunications equipment was limited. This was not, however, essentially meaning critical to the progress of the war.

(top: Fi 103 - V1 rocket or 1942 / image below: Trip to the Moon 1969).

source and images

quarterly magazine for free historical research, issue 4 / 02;

Publisher: Castle Hill Publishers (UK)

scientific basis of Germar Rudolf *

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* The German chemist Germar Rudolf looked at various historical events of the 20th Century could and with similar arguments I set out here have to prove that the moon trip actually took place, bringing the "conspiracy theory" to the moon trip opponent was disproved. After all, NASA and several thousand in about 20,000 Zulieferungsfirmen total of 300,000 employees, so you can imagine how difficult it would be if you wanted to start such a project as a secret mission or something else concealed from the public would.