Motorola Phone Tools 4.2.1.a.

moon trip: based on scientific studies of our atmosphere

The scientifically documented implementation of Mondfarht should form a basis of science are explained more precisely and viewed from different perspectives. What basic skills for this are provided and what it delivers?

Gross was once the euphoria when the NASA in 1969 was the first trip to the moon. This previously almost unattainable project was the result of a successful combination of German rocket technology and computer science-Anglo-Saxon and navigation technologies. For the time being was the social benefit of the moon trip is that the ailing Western confidence after the devastating civil war 1939 - 1945 recovered. As a symbol of decades actually necessary cohesion of Western nations are serious Marxist threat was good for this historic achievement.

For me this project is now much more in science than political Interests, as can be observed outside the Earth, in a world with so much other basic conditions of operations that are performed on the earth for granted and therefore difficult to study leave. Many aspects can naturwissenschaftliceh in practice almost exclusively through a real implementation of a project space occupied and demonstrated.

.

.

.

radiation outside the Earth's atmosphere

Besides the atmosphere, the earth of a magnetosphere surrounding the so-called Van Allen belts. This is a layer in the Earth's magnetic field deflects the charged particles of solar wind. only in the polar regions, a portion of the solar wind to get below the exosphere where it is visible as the aurora under ideal conditions. An unprotected man would be killed in the Van Allen belts are actually doing when he was staying there long enough, because there the concentration diverse, widely scattered radiation in space is particularly high. Highly sensitive electronic equipment and on board fishing dividend organisms must therefore be protected by a sufficiently thick steel and lead wall. The faster a spacecraft passes through the electromagnetic layer, the lower the risk of damage to its cargo. A manned rocket shoots through the magnetosphere within about an hour.

is outside this belt, eg on the moon, a body mainly exposed to direct sunlight to the aggressive short-wave radiation. Since prevail on the moon several extreme conditions (light exposure, temperature, Vacuum ,...), must be already designed a protective suit follows resistant that he thus an essential part of the X-ray and gamma radiation shielding. For example, it is on the moon on the day by the lack of atmosphere is much brighter than on Earth, so a helmet plate is coated with an obscuring layer, which simultaneously also provides some protection against other radiation.

Verschienenen studies have shown that astronauts go the increased risk of late effects, among other things because of this radiation dose. However, these are also many other groups of people affected, such as a flight crew of long-range aircraft, the least number of hours per day about three-quarters of the air mass can be considered among themselves, just as X-rays are not just a harmless affair. According to interest group, these problems like under-or overstated, since referring investigations are difficult because almost everyone is enriched with various activities of a certain dose of this kind.

.

.

extreme lighting conditions on the moon

As indicated in the last section appears on the moon, the sun is much brighter than on Earth, this is due to the lack of atmosphere. Not Only the space suits have to have tinted windows, but all the photos that were made there had to be darkened with a camera made in order to detect anything. Sun Moon images have generally a different visual appearance than it actually looks like on the moon, because you faint objects did not recognize, like the stars. Color images could, depending on the darkened light wave spectrum distorting color and have very bright spots shine so strongly that when a camera reticle sometimes the crosshair is photographed. The scattering of light is there, so from the ground, which is also a change in direction for the shading Consequences.

Nice to know: night lights "full Earth" on the moon 20 times as strong as the full moon on Earth, due to the size ratios, absence of the lunar atmosphere and the light scattering of the Earth's atmosphere.

We can imagine the way that the world would look like for us if the planet were not surrounded by a shell of gas, or what the world is clear for us when a change in its thickness, which for example, a any Mars mission could be of interest or changes in our Erdatmospähre.

.
.

motion of a body in a vacuum

The presence of the air we are accustomed to, that certain movements to play a certain scheme. So it can happen very many strange that on the dusty lunar soil at the Apollo 11 landing and the start was not great swirl of dust, which can could expect at least the 14.5-ton object. This can be understood, however, by a simple calculation: The force of gravity on the moon is about one sixth of the earth, weighing 14.5 t there, so just by 2.4 t. Thus, a force of 23,500 N needed to lift the capsule, propelled by a nozzle with an area of 1.47 m ^ 2 It follows that the pressure of the gases emerging from the nozzle corresponds to approximately 1,600 kg per m ^ 2, which represents about 16% of the air pressure at sea level (1 bar = 100,000 N / m ^ 2). It should also want to expand in the vacuum, the gases emerging from the nozzle faster than all the pages on the earth the case.

Just steps from the landing site from the lunar surface therefore showed no changes due to the jet exhaust of the lunar lander. This means that even the footprints of the astronauts remained so well preserved as full. This is a consequence of the fact that the dust grains when they are thrown away, moving in an ideal parabolic career back to the ground and not float around so long and spread widely. Exactly, you can watch the moon vehicle that drives through the desert moon dust: The heavier debris and fine dust falls on the wheels in unison in the same Car down, which under the influence of a gas layer would not be possible.

Moving in such a pressure suit is extremely cumbersome and works through the pressure differences between outside and inside the suit as an inflated envelope. If you consider that we are exposed to sea level at a pressure of about 10,000 kg per m ^ 2, the body compensates by nature "from within", one can imagine, would dominate any excess pressure in the human body when it without cover in space is irrelevant. That was also when setting up the U.S. flag to see how cumbersome it rammed the pole into the ground. Since, according to American Tradition, a flag should always look like they would blow in the wind, they attached it with a horizontal bar. So you can see by the continuous auspendelnden flapping of the flag had to be met with such difficulty the mast into the ground.

.

.

investigation of the battered moon material

The test material was brought total about 380 kg of lunar rock to Earth. On the one hand were various minerals such as Tranquilityit and Armalcolit be noted, that material is also to be found on the earth. It was also the lack of atmosphere in only high amounts of searchable 3He and other previously unknown part of the neptunium isotopes such as 237Np determined. The rock also contains an unusually high proportion of uranium 235 U and short-lived radioactive isotopes, caused by the continuous exposure in space. Thus, the lunar rock samples differ chemically from the material which can be assumed on the ground. In addition, the moon rocks with impacts of small meteorites in the size of a few cubic millimeters littered on-an effect that is on earth in the last 4 mia. Years, thanks to the atmosphere would not have taken place since the body would burn up that size. The moon dust is therefore unchanged from meteorite dust, which it is everywhere and evaporated upon entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
Also missing from the lunar rocks, the bedrock on the usual water shell, as the water evaporates completely in a vacuum. From the samples of the Apollo missions, ETH Zurich, the age of the moon to about 4.5 mia. Years to determine.

.

.

control of the device by rocketry

quite as simple as a rocket launch look like the whole game is not. You have to remember that not only on earth, the wind, but inside the cabin by the moving man's career could change very quickly if the drive could not balance. As the early 40's in Germany The first missile tests were conducted, the rocket scientists had to deal mainly with this problem. On behalf of the German Wehrmacht during the war, rapid progress has been made to the missile technology for long distance and has been perfected even for space rockets. At that time, the whole trajectory of the missile was calculated before the launch, and set before the flight. Since the flight direction are corrected by constantly needs the missiles hit their target only inaccurate, which also shows that control-related requirements for space are required.

way: The extended version of the unit 4 (A4 or V-2 rocket) in 1945 was the first space capable missile, the precision because of the time insufficient computers, navigation and telecommunications equipment was limited. This was not, however, essentially meaning critical to the progress of the war.

(top: Fi 103 - V1 rocket or 1942 / image below: Trip to the Moon 1969).

source and images

quarterly magazine for free historical research, issue 4 / 02;

Publisher: Castle Hill Publishers (UK)

scientific basis of Germar Rudolf *

.

* The German chemist Germar Rudolf looked at various historical events of the 20th Century could and with similar arguments I set out here have to prove that the moon trip actually took place, bringing the "conspiracy theory" to the moon trip opponent was disproved. After all, NASA and several thousand in about 20,000 Zulieferungsfirmen total of 300,000 employees, so you can imagine how difficult it would be if you wanted to start such a project as a secret mission or something else concealed from the public would.

Fleetwood Niagra Popup

The atmosphere of the earth: their development and significance

underlying:

The atmosphere of the earth is run by different criteria in different sectors, the limits on certain height above sea level split. The Breakdown by thermogradientalen properties purchased from the inside out enumerated the following five spheres (large balls): troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. considered From the aspect of the chemical composition of the atmosphere consists of three different gas types: Two homogeneous mixtures (Homo spheres) and in between a heterogeneous layer (hetero sphere). The electromagnetic charge state of the geosphere can still be divided into an uncharged layer in an ionosphere and in a magnetosphere. latter does not belong more to the atmosphere, because at a height of about 1,000 km above sea level no atmos (gr. Dunst) is gone.

statements to the chart:

The top margin shows the temperature in K and C, the left the height in m and the lower edge of the pressure in Pa. The displayed value range is between 1 and 101'300 Pa, 0 and 280,000 m, (-90) ° C and 1,700 ° C and thus includes the lower homosphere (Tropos, Stratos and mesosphere) and the lower quarter of the hetero sphere (about half of the thermosphere). Thin and black, the pressure curve in the homosphere located, which passes into the hetero-sphere into a thick line. Default is the black-red temperature curve with constant values between 5 and 95 km above sea level shown that the bottom assumes a weather and a sun in the thermosphere wind dependent variable course.

black curve: air pressure

thick red curve: air temperature

(eye-catching here are the variations in different heights, this is explained, however, with the chemical composition of the air)

numbers on the left border: height in meters above sea

origin of Earth's atmosphere:

Some 4.5 billion. Years before our era is the planetary system of the heliosphere as much cool that some physical state of the celestial bodies formed in the solid surface. The earth was in this phase, a much smaller extent than today, but a sufficient gravitational force to bind the so-called "primitive atmosphere" of the volatile gases in itself. This primitive atmosphere consisted of hydrogen (H2), helium (He), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) and was not, as some people mistakenly believe the source of today's atmosphere, but the molecules of these gases were several sun and cleaved with the solar wind continuously removed until almost nothing was left on the ground. In the following hundred million years, a second atmosphere, from its foundations, our present. One can assume that it consisted of the gases that are released in volcanic eruptions: 80% water vapor (H2O), 10% carbon dioxide (CO2), 7% hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the remaining hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and some other trace gases such as ammonia, which is spun by a photochemical reaction (UV) nitrogen (N = nitrogen). The basis for the development of water was given out in front of about 3.5 mia. Years were the cyanobacteria, which H2O split off from the oxygen, the first with iron to rust and then with nitrogen binds to air.
The interaction of the resulting air and UV radiation formed several layers of air with their properties, which make the life out of the water. One of their properties is to burn up penetrating foreign body and the gases produced some really establish biochemical processes on the ground.
The earth is on this road daily enriched with some 110 tons of meteoric dust, which is less the escaping gases, a mass annual growth rate of about 40,000 tons. In the final 4.5 mia. Years, therefore, an increase of only resulted Mia and 180,000 tonnes at an average density of 2.5 tonnes per cubic meter (meteorite dust consists largely of silicon), a volume increase of 72,000 cubic miles. This mass flow is compared to the total mass of the Earth 5.97 * 10 ^ 21 tonnes, or 5.97 million. t trillions negligible (average density of the earth: 5,1 t / m ^ 3), but this corresponds to more than one third of the approximately 5.1 * 10 ^ 15 tons (5.1 trillion tons) mass of atmospheric gases. The earth and above all, its atmosphere is exposed through biochemical and astrophysical processes running changes.


Chemical composition of the atmosphere:

The lower homo sphere, ie up to 80,000 m is the air mixture for the most part consists of constant and volume fractions of 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon (Ar) and 0.1% trace gases. Carbon dioxide is one of these gases and, with an average of 0.038% volume varied according to height as the ozone (O3).
The density of air can be explained by the molar masses of its components and the molar volume of ideal gas, calculate: molar m of N2: 28, O2: 32, mol-V: 22.4138. It is at 273.15 K and 101'325 Pa following calculation: ((0.78 * 28 +0.21 * 32 +0.01 * 40) / 22.4138) = 1.29. The weight of the air is therefore 1.29 kg per cubic meter. If we now
the idea is to make the same calculation with the CO2 (C m is the molar of 12), one arrives at a total density of 1.9. That is, CO2 sinks and is located mainly in deeper layers, but by convective weather kicked up and air operations and disseminated.
Ozone is a gas that is formed from oxygen under the action of UV rays and absorb them simultaneously. That is, in the upper atmosphere is formed in the ozone layer, which absorbs the UV rays and protects against the lower classes. UV radiation, less than 240 nm converts 3 O2 molecules into 2 molecules of O3, UV radiation, which is greater than 240 nm, makes the reverse process. Short-wave radiation is absorbed by O3, be transmitted during long-wave radiation, resulting in nature to the balance of O2 and O3. O3 also has the capacity to convert electromagnetic radiation into heat, which explains the phenomenon that the top of the stratosphere, where the O3 concentration is highest, the temperature rises, despite extremely low air density at 0 ° C. As one can even imagine how much heat must be put in a potential mole O3. Only in the mesosphere, where the pressure falls to less than 0.1% of sea level pressure, the temperature gradient per level is decreased. Not to forget is that the whole mesosphere is in the gay sphere ie the mixture is rösstenteils constant, it is therefore only small changes in O3 content, which apparently affects the temperature profile follows. In the hetero
sphere (from the end of thermosphere exosphere (about 500 '000 '000 '000 m-1)) to separate the particles according to mass. In the bottom of the thermosphere is more oxygen, nitrogen and a little more about the trace gases soft top. The few hydrogen atoms, which could rise through the ozone layer are ionized, usually by the solar wind and leave the gravitational field of the earth, because they have too little mass. The different hydrogen and helium atoms are outside the sphere of hetero again a homo sphere, the average movement of individual atoms but is usually several kilometers. The upper homosphere (from about 1,000 km above sea level) is therefore de facto a vacuum.


The physical properties of the atmosphere: to analyze

To the physical properties of the atmosphere is meaningful above all, the pressure gradient. By considering the pressure curve inside the homosphere enables the whole mass of air and its distribution charge on Earth. Especially when 99.9% of the total air mass is located in the lower homosphere may overlying layers of air for physical calculations largely be neglected. (In the hetero sphere behaves as the pressure gradient is not linear or progressive, what I tried to represent in the graph above with the display as a thick line on the left). Atmosphere for physical calculations, reference is made only on the values in the gay sphere.

air distribution:
halved the air pressure per 5'500m increase in height, he has to say on the normal cruising altitude of 11,000 m about 25,000 Pa, it is that is 3 / 4 of the total air mass below this level. Is the result of air pressure at the altitude of 5,500 m to be regarded as an average, bringing the average air density and thus the total Air mass of the Earth calculated. The figures are based on the values of middle latitudes geographically (by N / S 45 °) , since the thickness of the atmosphere varies according to region (in the polar regions it is about half as thick as at the equator). The air pressure at the surface is thus not affected cede as the outer layers of the atmosphere at the equator more gravitational force to the centrifugal force as in the polar regions. The total air mass is calculated with the air density (1.29 kg / m ^ 3) times the height of half the air pressure times the surface of the earth, the total is 5.1 * 10 ^ 18 kg.

Thermodynamic properties:
As shown in the diagram, divided If the atmosphere in different sectors, which depend largely on your temperature gradient. Striking at first glance, the enormous differences in temperature, which can also be up to 2,000 ° C. Certainly, it is useful to divide the Atmospärenschichten Kriterum after that, because that does not much can be read on their gas composition. But if one adds to the temperature curve, a pressure curve in the graph, relative to the importance of the temperature curve. For the atmospheric physics and its technical use of the profile of the pressure curve is much more important than the temperature curve. The
wrongly assumed the world, in the thermosphere, where it yes so hot is burning up the penetrating meteorite is lifted only when viewing the pressure profile. It is true that bring about from the beginning of the hetero sphere, ie above the ozone layer, the electromagnetic radiation of the sun unprotected O2 molecules to vibrate so strongly that it is possible to give them based on their movement, a power which one ascribes to them a high temperature , but one that would hardly be able to measure, since the pressure is so small that prevail there almost space temperatures from-27o ° C. It was there that burn up any foreign matter entering the Earth, but this process takes place only in the mesosphere, where the temperature drops to -90 ° C. That 40-70 km / s to create the earth flying usually a few grams of heavy particles by their friction on the O3 such a strong warming that they burn up and ionize the surrounding gas, which is sichthar in the dark as a short flash.

Kinematic influence of atmosphere on the earth:
Finally, I address the question of what the atmosphere has rotation mechanically to impact on the planet, since the modified radius of the body cause another mass moment of inertia.

My contention is that it is possible to influence artificially by an increased output of a gas, the rotation of the Earth: A well-known Theme, the emission of the atmospheric gas carbon dioxide (CO2). I want to prove the thesis kinematically that by the artificial release of previously in the soil be carbon center of mass of the earth (by mass concentration of the atmosphere) moves, the inertia moment changes and the angular velocity decreases, which will extend the days.
The Earth has a total mass of 5.97 * 10 ^ 24 kg, a radius of 6'379'500 m (no atmosphere) and corresponds to a filled sphere with a density of 5,100 kg / m ^ 3 The moment of inertia can thus be calculated: (2 / 5) * 5.97 * 10 ^ 24 * ^ 2 = 6'374'000 97'019'367'888 * 10 ^ 27 kg / m ^ 2 The torque is (2 * pi * rad) / (24 * 3600) = 0.000072722 rad * s ^ -1. (The object rotates once every 24 * 3600 s 360 °). Multiplying these two results, one gets the angular momentum L. The same is done with the mass of air, just a hollow sphere with the formula ((3 / 2) * m * r ^ 2), mass of air is 5.1 * 10 ^ 18 and the radius is 5,500 meters more, because the focus is on the air for the pressure altitude of 50,000 Pa. The momentum component of the air makes 1 / 701 '142 from the around the world and is subtracted from it. According to media reports, the man encounters every year around 36.3 gigatons of CO2, which has carbon C a mass of about 9.1 gigatons Antel. From this we calculate the mass moment of inertia reduction of the solid Earth's body and the increase of air mass, observed the focus of the atmosphere and thus gives a new total mass moment of inertia J, which is divided by the angular momentum, which results in the new angular velocity. Obtained instead of 0.000072722 rad s ^ -1 * new * 0.000072719 rad s ^ -1, which corresponds to a ratio of 1.00004, from which we can conclude that longer by this mass shift one revolution of the earth goes around 0.004% and the day then so not 86,400 seconds, but 3456's more.
(See situation with a rotating figure skater who loses by extending the arms of rotational speed).


of illustration, the presentation also used a liquid image with the volume of fluid to the angular momentum (L) represent the height of the angular velocity (omega) and the width of the mass moment of inertia (J). Here it is evident that in the vessel with the smaller J for the same capacity, the amount "omega" is greater. Sun shows you the kinematic behavior in the rotation mechanism.




Sources:
(chemical and physical principles):
- Meteorology: Karl Heinz Hack "Aviation Meteorology" / script lectures and Dr. Neininger
- Velcro "formulas and data "
- Prof. Maurer lectures and system design

figures come from various sources, some of its own documents, projects, etc., with which the accuracy can be limited

Cover Letter For Visual Stylist

Stirling engine: More efficient mechanical use of the thermodynamic energy expenditure

. motive for innovation:


Accompanied by the growing CO2 problem compels us to concern about future energy supplies to question our lifestyle


career-promoting politicians have been able to reap sympathy by the environmental. problem by cheap ticket counter solutions want: left "to save the world" argued that the state should do this and that, the main thing is the individual citizen has to say as little like thinking while conservatives prefer the approach that other states were to blame and they must take care of it.

Since red, our media landscape in the debate between these two fronts is no room for interest, responsible and self-acting people, it is appropriate to represent their position here.


IT CAN is the question to the fore, as the regular budget, his own production company, the office and the individual farm energy use more efficient. Just as the demand can greatly reduce fossil fuels, if we replace oil heating by solar panels, is in reliable working Stirling engines is an enormous energy saving potential.



principle of a Stirling engine:


The steam engine by I. Newton in the 18th Century England secured once the unassailable world power. Their operating principle was to convert a thermal potential into mechanical power. Through the expansion of water when heated allows the "Delta_T" (temperature difference between inside and outside the system) a displacement of the piston. After expansion the steam is let out again and the flywheel can start the process all over again. Thus, the ongoing movement is constructed. The efficiency has, however, very limited, because the thermodynamic performance is not used to half of the process and lost the heat in the steam drained from the system.


The fact that Robert Stirling of Scotland in 1816 to allow the idea to go through the whole process in a closed system. He invented a heat engine, in receiving a gas at high temperature and entropy at low temperatures releases it again.

working principle, such a Stirling engine with two coupled cylinders: one is the heat and the other the cold bath. To be first heated in the heat bath (boiler) is a gas, which then causes a volume expansion. The piston in the cold bath first direction displaces the gas boiler. Halfway through expansion of the boiler from the cold bath is drawn in again until it has reached its full size (then the cold bath has reached its half volume). Thereafter, the compressed gas in the boiler again, the gas flow is blocked and the constant amount of gas expands in the cold bath to the maximum volume, so there a cooling off is generated. Between the two cylinders, a regenerator is a heat exchanger that receives this "cold set" and fed to the boiler, which facilitates the return of the piston displacement (isothermal compression). The cooled compressed gas in the boiler reaches its minimum volume, the cooling bath was then his first half volume and the process begins again. Thus, this cycle is more efficient than all other thermal power machines.

the four Stirling-cycle processes:

The Stirling engine uses isothermal and isochoric processes. Isothermal means that the temperature remains constant and isochoric means the maintenance of a constant volume.

first isothermal expansion in the boiler

second isochoric cooling in the regenerator

third isothermal compression

4th isochoric heating

could be used in future for the production of electricity such Stirling engines, the fossil energy consumption could be reduced significantly without additional savings. The reason why were realized in the last 200 years and just a few hundred such objects can be attributed to complications of the material properties. The piston and the cylinder walls do not reach a sufficient temperature change as fast as the gas. It is therefore hardly possible to build a reliable working Stirling engine, which passes through the ideal process properly. The experiment realized engines are notable for their frequent performance suspensions, which such a product, marketing is not yet compatible. The Stirling engine is an interesting approach, thermodynamic laws in a realistic project implementation.

Sources:

- Thermodynamics System Design: Lectures Prof. Maurer / website: systemdesign.ch

- Calculation curve: Modellierunsprogramm "Berkeley Madonna"

Is It Illegal To Make A Tokidoki Bag

volcano in Iceland: Spacious disruption of air space

ZRH Airport Info:
http://www.flughafen-zuerich.ch/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-42/

Geophysical situation in Iceland

make not only the cultural and historical uniqueness of the North Atlantic island of Iceland to the desired destination, but their geological feature fascinates many visitors. The island lies on the border of North American and Eurasian continental plates, about a quarter is on American and three-quarters of the European plate. In between is a 7 km wide trench that extends through the whole island. (For your information: The former is for the Germans historically significant place Þingvellir located approximately on the longitudinal center of the trench in the southern part of the island).

Photo: Stephan Riediker

small volcanic activities as well as recurring small earthquakes are there almost everyday life that geothermal energy is Iceland's 300,000 inhabitants n used economically diverse. What, however, the spectacle of nature is one, are the rare but surely arriving eruptions that burst every few centuries, the ice of glaciers and emit a considerable amount of ash into the atmosphere.
The potential danger here is not primarily the explosion of the eruption itself, but the consequences for it: The melting water of glaciers caused the one hand, a water stream, which has also a greater force than the Amazon, a hazard that is confined locally. Concern is the risk of the ash cloud, the heavier particles is lowered to the ground and the Icelandic people (according to statements can strain the competent authorities of Iceland) with unhealthy dust. So far, the ash cloud is blown by the wind towards the south-east, making the island for the time being will remain "clean". The lighter particles remain much longer in the higher layers of the atmosphere and with the jet stream winds, and other widely distributed and are also in low concentrations a distorting factor in aviation. can

Sucked in by the engine heats and compresses the Aschenteilchen clump (called aerosols) and block the channel between the casing and nozzle. Also affecting the pressure in the Pitot tube, which leads to incorrect height measurements. (Immediate the active volcano, even a high concentration of fumes worsen the quality of the radar measurements and the radio connections considerably, which follows a wide area but is not an issue). In aviation, it is assumed that the danger of the dirt particles from a concentration of 2 mg per kg of air increases massively. Where such a concentration is, must be determined using various models.

In any event, by this natural event in the European air transport affected massively, so it pays to get informed about the current situation of air transport to avoid inconvenience at best can.

Weather determined to be in Europe

The aviation weather in Europe be made between May and June 2010, with winds from the northwest, from the other activities of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull " because of the eruptions both volcanic dust and the finest quartz-containing volcanic ash at a height of 5,000 to 11,000 m "Deposit" or get longer hover there.

Persistent rains, which wash the volcanic substances, such as to be expected in early May 2010. In addition, the atmosphere on Europe in the coming months with dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO2), also called sulfur dioxide solution, which through the combination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), enriched.

Image: Wikipedia
(Europe is in the sky horizontally with really clear day, a light color to be visible, as if one is right near a big city.)

If the volcanic eruption of the massive eruptions over the Stop the summer of 2010 continues, it can have a massive cooling over northern and central Europe.

commercial aircraft flying at a cruising altitude between FL 300 - 400, ie 30,000 - 40,000 ft, which is about 10,000 to 12,000 m equivalent. At this altitude the air density is about one quarter of that at sea level, that is, when hovering at this level too many ash particles could affect the machine, more so than if the same amount of ash would be in the ground nearby. Until such a new balance of nature has it may still take quite a while.

properties of volcanic ash:

Volcanic ash consists mainly of two different types of aerosol: A little more than 92% of the volume consists of about 0.3-0.5 microns wide sulfur oxide and the other just under 8% by volume, 10 -12 microns large quartz particles, which almost compensates for the mass ratio.

The substantial amount of aerosols is carried by the air at around 500 hPa, which is about an altitude of 5,000 m equivalent. There is a detectable concentration for the human senses, ie one where the ash can see and smell. Furthermore, the concentration decreases continuously with increasing altitude, but remains because of the low air pressure at 10,000 m relevant for flying as before.

The spread of the ash cloud is mainly influenced by the winds and is therefore difficult to describe using a mathematical model. When could totally calm to describe the distribution of the aerosols with an e-curve proportional to the horizontal distance of a constant of nature, which can be used in physics at best a degressive ongoing discharge rate based on a described by developing potential. As the winch control but the movement of the ash cloud, the concentration remains a much longer period at a relatively high level because the mass is not scattered, but is channeled.

(an animation of the model, Dr. B. Neininger, atmospheric physicist, professor at the ZHAW)

question: Why have European transport ministers blocked all air traffic? Answer: Did this for two reasons: to know one hand, many of them only insufficiently with atmospheric physics, which is why they, the accurate propagation model is not known, the channeled Forttreibung of the aerosols, the property brings with it to that instead of the entire airspace block, local restrictions entirely would be sufficient. The second reason may be political: The United Kingdom was the contamination affected than other regions. Blocking almost exclusively on the UK and other regions would give the small British air transport an international market disadvantage. For this reason, the thesis has been preferred in Europe one had the best air traffic . Paralyze

current weather in Iceland:
http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2010/nr/1879


latest info:
http: / / www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/760/508899/text/